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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Frustrated Superradiant Phase Transition.

Jinchen Zhao1, Myung-Joong Hwang1,2

  • 1Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.

Physical Review Letters
|May 6, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered a frustrated superradiant phase transition in coupled light-matter systems. This phenomenon arises from conflicting energy minimization requirements, leading to unique critical behaviors and potential experimental probes.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Light-matter interactions

Background:

  • Frustration in physical systems arises from conflicting constraints preventing a lowest-energy configuration.
  • Superradiance describes the enhanced emission of light by a collection of excited atoms or artificial atoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and properties of a frustrated superradiant phase transition.
  • To explore the impact of competing positive photon hopping energies on superradiance.
  • To identify novel critical exponents and experimental signatures of frustration in light-matter systems.

Main Methods:

  • Solving the Dicke trimer model on a triangular lattice with both positive and negative hopping energies.
  • Analyzing the ground-state properties and symmetry breaking.
  • Investigating diverging time and fluctuation scales and critical exponents.

Main Results:

  • A frustrated superradiant phase transition is identified due to incompatible positive photon hopping energies.
  • A sixfold degenerate ground-state manifold with spontaneously broken translational symmetry is found.
  • Two distinct sets of diverging time and fluctuation scales emerge, governed by mean-field and novel critical exponents.
  • Site-dependent photon number critical exponents are predicted as experimental probes.

Conclusions:

  • The frustrated superradiant phase exhibits unconventional critical scalings arising from fluctuations in local order parameters.
  • This frustration mechanism is generic and applicable to various lattice geometries with incompatible antiferromagnetic ordering.
  • The study opens avenues for exploring frustrated phases in coupled light-matter systems.