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Published on: December 16, 2022
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Sex differences in post-stroke cognitive decline: A population-based longitudinal study of nationally representative
Abdulaziz T Bako1, Thomas Potter1, Jonika Tannous1
1Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Plos One
|May 6, 2022
Summary
Women experience greater cognitive decline after stroke compared to men, especially in the short term. This highlights the need for sex-specific stroke care strategies to reduce cognitive impairment and dementia risks.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Gerontology
- Public Health
Background:
- Sex differences in post-stroke cognitive decline are not well-established in large, representative populations.
- Previous research has not systematically evaluated these disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex differences in the rate of cognitive decline following a stroke.
- To analyze cognitive changes before and after stroke in relation to sex.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a quasi-experimental event study design with Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data (1996-2016).
- Assessed cognitive function using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) score.
- Analyzed changes in cognitive function rates pre- and post-stroke, stratified by sex.
Main Results:
- A total of 25,872 participants (55.9% female) were included; 2,911 experienced stroke.
- Stroke was associated with a significant short-term increase in cognitive decline for the overall population (4.2 pp) and females (5.0 pp).
- No significant long-term cognitive decline acceleration was observed post-stroke, and males showed no significant changes.
Conclusions:
- Females exhibit greater post-stroke cognitive deficits than males, particularly in the early period.
- Understanding sex-specific stroke characteristics is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
- This research may inform strategies to mitigate post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia.
