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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Clinical Microfluidic Chip Platform for the Isolation of Versatile Circulating Tumor Cells
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TiO2-based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering bio-probe for efficient circulating tumor cell detection on microfilter.

Xiawei Xu1, Jie Lin2, Yanhong Guo3

  • 1Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China; Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China; Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China; Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|May 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method using black titanium dioxide (B-TiO2)-based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) bio-probes to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood. This approach enables early cancer detection and monitoring with high sensitivity and speed.

Keywords:
CTCHigh sensitivityHigh specificityMicrofluidicsSERS

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection is crucial for early cancer diagnosis, understanding metastasis, and guiding treatment.
  • Current CTC detection methods face challenges in sensitivity, specificity, and speed.
  • Developing advanced bio-probes is essential for improving liquid biopsy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for in situ isolation and direct detection of CTCs at single-cell resolution.
  • To utilize black titanium dioxide (B-TiO2)-based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) bio-probes for enhanced CTC detection.
  • To improve the efficiency, specificity, and speed of CTC detection for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood using a microfilter based on size and deformation differences.
  • A SERS bio-probe was constructed using B-TiO2 nanoparticles, alizarin red (AR) as a Raman reporter, and a PEG linker functionalized with folic acid (FA).
  • The bio-probe targeted folate receptors (FR) on CTC membranes for specific identification, differentiating them from white blood cells (WBCs).

Main Results:

  • The B-TiO2-AR-PEG-FA SERS bio-probe successfully distinguished FR-positive CTCs (MCF-7) from FR-negative cells (A549, Raw264.7) and WBCs with high reliability and specificity.
  • The integrated microfluidic isolation and SERS detection strategy reduced detection time to under 1.5 hours.
  • The limit of detection (LOD) was significantly lowered to 2 cells/mL.
  • Successful CTC detection was demonstrated in blood samples from cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • The novel B-TiO2-based SERS bio-probe offers a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for CTC detection.
  • The integration of microfluidic isolation with SERS detection presents a promising advancement for liquid biopsy.
  • This strategy holds potential for early cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized treatment strategies.