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Three-dimensional multilayer concentric bipolar electrodes restrict spatial activation in optic nerve stimulation.

Eleonora Borda1, Vivien Gaillet1, Marta Jole Ildelfonsa Airaghi Leccardi1

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New concentric bipolar (CB) electrodes improve nerve interface selectivity. This 3D electrode design enhances electric field localization, enabling more precise nerve stimulation for applications like bioelectronic medicine.

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artificial visionconcentric bipolarelectrical stimulationintraneural arrayneuroprostheticsoptic nerveselectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Intraneural nerve interfaces commonly use monopolar configurations, leading to widespread electric fields.
  • This broad electric field spread limits selectivity, making it suboptimal for precise neural stimulation.
  • Selective nerve stimulation is critical for advanced neuroprosthetics and bioelectronic medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a novel multilayer electrode array with 3D concentric bipolar (CB) electrodes.
  • To compare the stimulation selectivity of the new CB electrode array against traditional monopolar configurations.
  • To assess the *in-vivo* performance of the CB electrodes for optic nerve stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Electrode array design featuring 3D concentric bipolar (CB) electrodes.
  • Computational simulations to compare electric field distribution of CB versus monopolar electrodes.
  • *In-vivo* experiments involving intraneural stimulation of rabbit optic nerves and recording of evoked potentials in the primary visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • Simulations demonstrated that 3D CB electrodes achieve highly localized electric fields, ensuring electrical independence even at high densities.
  • Experiments showed that the CB configuration restricted spatial activation in the visual cortex compared to monopolar stimulation.
  • Fewer nerve fibers were activated per stimulus with the CB electrode array, indicating enhanced selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Highly focused electric stimulation is essential for achieving selective nerve fiber activation.
  • The developed multilayer array with 3D CB electrodes significantly improves selectivity in optic nerve stimulation.
  • This electrode technology holds promise for various neural applications, including bioelectronic medicine.