Health impacts of air pollution in Chinese coal-based clean energy industry: LCA-based and WTP-oriented modeling

The evolution of energy system occupies an important position in economic development and quality of life. Influenced by the energy endowment in China, developing the coal-based clean energy industry has been regarded as a guaranteed path to realizing the clean and efficient use of coal resources. However, an evaluation paradigm that could systematically assess the health impacts of airborne pollution in this industry is still lacking, which is our concern. Combining with life cycle analysis, probabilistic risk models, and health impact models, this study proposes a series of models which are consistent enough to unite pollutant concentration, health risk, and health impact, and equip assessment results with more intuitive significance of life and economic loss. Further, case studies for three typical clean coal technologies, namely, coal mining, coal-fired power generation, and coal liquefaction, are presented to verify the reliability of these models. Results show that the most severe health impact occurred at the worksite of driving face, the substage of coal combustion, and coal mining and processing, respectively, for the three technologies. Further, coal dust brought about the greatest pollution to coal mining and coal liquefaction, and for coal-fired power generation, SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ were the commonest and toughest pollutants. In conclusion, the proposed evaluation paradigm can help to find out the worksite, substage, and airborne pollutant with the most severe impact and is more intuitive to provide references for minimizing or eliminating environmental pollution. Additionally, three aspects of implications are confirmed in this study, namely, social mobilization promoting, government policy making, and environmental pollution prejudging.