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Related Concept Videos

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

266
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
266

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Allostatic load index in patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.

Marta Waliszewska-Prosół1, Marta Nowakowska-Kotas1, Błażej Misiak2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Psychoneuroendocrinology
|May 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The allostatic load (AL) index, a measure of biological stress, is significantly higher in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to healthy individuals. This finding suggests increased biological dysregulation in MS, though its exact causes require further investigation.

Keywords:
AllostasisAllostatic loadHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisMultiple sclerosisStress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The allostatic load (AL) index, a measure of cumulative biological dysregulation from stress, has not been previously studied in MS.
  • Investigating AL in MS is crucial for understanding stress-related disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the allostatic load (AL) index between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.
  • To identify specific biomarkers contributing to differences in AL between groups.
  • To explore potential correlations between AL and clinical/psychological factors in MS.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 90 MS patients and 47 healthy controls.
  • Calculation of the AL index based on percentile distributions of 18 biomarkers.
  • Statistical analysis to compare AL index and individual biomarkers between groups, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Patients with MS exhibited a significantly higher AL index compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001).
  • Specific biomarker differences included lower resting heart rate, high-density lipoproteins, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and higher hsCRP and albumin in MS patients.
  • No significant correlations were found between the AL index and depressive/anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, personality traits, insomnia, coping strategies, or MS clinical characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The allostatic load (AL) index is elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • This suggests a state of increased biological dysregulation associated with cumulative stress in MS.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving elevated AL in MS.