Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Management and Outcomes of Anterior Urethral Injuries from Gunshot Wounds: A 7-Year Single-Center Experience.

Urology·2026

Same author

Functional heterogeneity in trophoblast stem cells derived from recurrent pregnancy loss products of conception.

Molecular human reproduction·2026

Same author

Post-Operative Pain After Orthopedic Surgery: A Comparative Study Between the United States and Ethiopia.

Kansas journal of medicine·2025

Same author

Phenotypic characteristics of chronic pain and pain-related factors in gender minority persons: a cross-sectional study.

Pain·2025

Same author

Arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 equipoises trophoblast development to prevent early pregnancy loss.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Hematuria screening in patients undergoing lung cancer screening.

Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.)·2025

Same journal

Comparison of adenoma and gland hyperplasia on bone mineral density in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2026

Same journal

The influence of pregnancy and selected aspects of female health on skeletal status and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women from the RACOST-POL Study.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2026

Same journal

The association of sclerostin with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2026

Same journal

Assessment of bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism using trabecular bone score.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2026

Same journal

Erxian decoction for postmenopausal osteoporosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2026

Same journal

Associations of discordance in hip bone mineral density with hip osteoarthrosis severity and progression to total hip replacement in middle-aged adults.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts

High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: December 20, 2024

DXA Scan Variants in Transgender Patients.

Quinnlyn Walcott¹, Johnathan Dallman¹, Hanna Crow²

¹The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.

Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the Official Journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry

|May 7, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Incorrect bone density measurements are common for transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals. 67% of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in a study used the wrong sex for T- and Z-score calculations, impacting TGNC healthcare.

Keywords:

DXA T-score Transgender Z-score non-binary

More Related Videos

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Published on: December 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts

High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: December 20, 2024

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Published on: December 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Radiology
Health Disparities

Background:

Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals experience significant healthcare barriers and disparities.
Gender-affirming therapies, including hormone replacement therapy (HRT), are increasingly used, but long-term effects on bone health remain understudied.
The International Society of Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) provided guidelines in 2019 for dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) use in TGNC populations.

Approach:

A retrospective analysis reviewed DXA scan data from TGNC patients.
HERON software was used to query electronic health records for patient demographics, medications, gonadectomy status, and DXA scan information.
DXA T-scores and Z-scores were evaluated for accuracy based on ISCD guidelines.

Key Points:

67% of reviewed DXA T-scores and Z-scores for TGNC patients were calculated incorrectly.
Incorrect calculations stemmed from using the patient's assigned sex at birth rather than sex relevant to ISCD guidelines.
This highlights a gap in the application of established guidelines for TGNC individuals.

Conclusions:

Current healthcare standards based on sex assigned at birth can lead to errors in diagnostic scoring for TGNC patients.
There is a critical need for improved training for healthcare professionals on TGNC-specific care protocols.
Further research is required to understand the long-term impact of incorrect DXA scans and the effects of HRT on bone mineral density in TGNC individuals.