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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Eye gaze direction modulates nonconscious affective contextual effect.

Yujie Chen¹, Qian Xu¹, Chenxuan Fan¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.

Consciousness and Cognition

|May 8, 2022

Summary

Facial emotion recognition is influenced by context, especially when gaze direction is involved. This study shows gaze cues nonconsciously modulate fear perception, particularly in anxious individuals.

Keywords:

Context Facial emotion perception Gaze Nonconscious fear Trait anxiety

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Neuroscience
Affective Science

Background:

Facial emotion recognition is context-dependent.
Affective information from context can influence perception.
Social cues like gaze direction may modulate this process.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if gaze direction modulates nonconscious affective contextual effects in facial emotion recognition.
To determine if this modulation is specific to certain emotions or individual differences.

Main Methods:

Participants viewed target faces whose emotions were influenced by invisible contextual faces.
Gaze direction of the target face (toward or away from context) was manipulated.
Trait anxiety levels were assessed.

Main Results:

A target face gazing toward a contextual face showed a stronger affective contextual effect.
This gaze modulation effect was specific to invisible fearful contexts.
The effect was more pronounced in individuals with higher trait anxiety.

Conclusions:

Gaze direction is a crucial social cue that modulates nonconscious affective contextual effects in emotion perception.
Fear perception is particularly susceptible to gaze-modulated contextual influences, especially in anxious individuals.
Compound socio-affective signals are automatically integrated, impacting how we perceive others' emotions.