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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Steady State Concentration01:05

Steady State Concentration

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A steady state refers to the level of a drug in the body once it has reached an equilibrium between administration and elimination. It represents the point at which the drug administration rate equals the drug elimination rate, resulting in a relatively constant concentration in the body over time. The dynamic equilibrium is crucial to ensure the drug's effectiveness with minimal risk of toxicity.
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
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Ensuring Product Stability - Choosing the Right Excipients.

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Excipients can protect moisture-sensitive drugs in oral solid dosage forms by managing moisture. Understanding these moisture-excipient interactions is key to selecting effective protective excipients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical stability is crucial for product quality.
  • Moisture is a primary driver of drug degradation via hydrolysis.
  • Excipients are vital for drug delivery and manufacturing but their role in moisture protection is underutilized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of excipients in protecting moisture-sensitive drugs within oral solid dosage forms.
  • To explore moisture-excipient interactions and their impact on drug stability.
  • To highlight excipients with potential as moisture protectants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on moisture-excipient interactions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which excipients mitigate moisture-induced degradation.
  • Summary of analytical techniques for evaluating these interactions.

Main Results:

  • Excipients can act as physical barriers to moisture.
  • Certain excipients reduce moisture availability and mobility within formulations.
  • Specific excipients demonstrate significant potential for protecting moisture-sensitive drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding moisture-excipient interactions is essential for formulation development.
  • Strategic selection of excipients can enhance the stability of moisture-sensitive drugs.
  • Further research into excipient functionality can improve pharmaceutical product quality.