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Three protocols for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness on the upper extremities.

L W Weiss, F C Clark

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Comparing skinfold calipers and ultrasound methods for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness in young adults revealed inconsistent results. While moderately associated, these techniques for assessing upper arm fat show variations based on gender and measurement site.

    Area of Science:

    • Body Composition Analysis
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness is crucial for assessing body composition and health status.
    • Various methods exist, including skinfold calipers and ultrasound technologies, each with potential advantages and limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the reliability and agreement of three distinct protocols for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness.
    • To determine the association levels between skinfold calipers, A-mode ultrasound, and B-mode ultrasound in young adults.

    Main Methods:

    • A comparative study involving 21 men and 21 women (18-24 years old).
    • Measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness on the anterior and posterior upper arm using skinfold calipers, A-mode ultrasound, and B-mode ultrasound.

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  • Randomized administration of each protocol within a 30-minute interval.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences in fat thickness measurements were observed between protocols, varying by gender and anatomical site (p < 0.05).
    • Men showed similar B-mode ultrasound and halved skinfold measurements, both lower than A-mode ultrasound.
    • Women exhibited similar A-mode ultrasound and skinfold measurements at the anterior site, but differed from B-mode ultrasound; all methods agreed at the posterior site.

    Conclusions:

    • Skinfold calipers, A-mode ultrasound, and B-mode ultrasound provide moderately correlated measurements of upper arm subcutaneous fat in young adults.
    • The three measurement protocols demonstrate inconsistent similarity, highlighting the need for careful consideration of method selection based on gender and site.