Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
06:15

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Published on: March 6, 2019

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An Infant With Interstitial Lung Disease of Rare Cause

Cong Li1, Huishan Zhang1, Jiali Mo1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.

Chest
|May 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

A pediatric case highlights recurrent respiratory symptoms in an infant, leading to investigations for rare lung conditions like pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) or idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). Findings included bronchial inflammation and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in BAL fluid.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Rare Respiratory Diseases

Background:

  • An 11-month-old boy presented with persistent cough and dyspnea for over 8 months.
  • The infant experienced recurrent milk-choking from 1.5 months of age, with multiple prior hospitalizations.

Observation:

  • Chest CT revealed interstitial changes, and pediatric bronchoscopy showed bronchial inflammation.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) contained hemosiderin-laden macrophages.
  • Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of BALF was positive.

Findings:

  • The combination of clinical presentation, imaging, and BALF analysis suggested two potential diagnoses: pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) or idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH).

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare pediatric lung diseases in infants with unexplained respiratory symptoms.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and improved outcomes in pediatric interstitial lung diseases.
Abstract

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