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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Intratracheal Administration of Dry Powder Formulation in Mice
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Spray drying: Inhalable powders for pulmonary gene therapy.

M Munir1, L Jena2, V L Kett2

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Research and Technology Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Indonesia.

Biomaterials Advances
|May 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Developing stable, inhalable gene therapy formulations using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is crucial for treating lung diseases. Spray drying offers a promising method to enhance nucleic acid stability and pulmonary delivery effectiveness.

Keywords:
Dry powder inhalerGene therapyPulmonary deliverySpray drying

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary drug delivery
  • Gene therapy formulation
  • Respiratory medicine

Background:

  • Gene therapy shows promise for lung pathologies, with increasing clinical trials.
  • Pulmonary delivery via inhalation offers localized treatment and enhanced absorption.
  • Challenges include nucleic acid degradation, clearance, and deposition during aerosolization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ideal characteristics for pulmonary gene therapy delivery using inhalable formulations.
  • To evaluate spray drying for producing stable, nucleic acid-containing dry powder inhalers (DPIs).
  • To analyze the impact of instrument parameters, delivery systems, and excipients on cargo stability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pulmonary gene therapy and dry powder inhaler formulation.
  • Evaluation of spray drying techniques for producing inhalable nucleic acid formulations.
  • Analysis of factors influencing nucleic acid stability and functionality within DPIs.

Main Results:

  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer advantages over nebulization and pMDIs for stable, dry formulations.
  • Spray drying is a viable method for producing nucleic acid-loaded DPIs.
  • Excipients, solvent systems, and instrument parameters significantly affect cargo stability and function.

Conclusions:

  • Developing stable, inhalable gene therapy formulations is critical for effective pulmonary treatment.
  • Spray-dried DPIs represent a promising approach for delivering gene therapies to the lungs.
  • Optimization of formulation and processing parameters is key to ensuring nucleic acid integrity and therapeutic efficacy.