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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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CD8+ Tregs kill pathogenic cells to avert autoimmunity.

Dan Hu1, Gopal Murugaiyan1

  • 1Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|May 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Mouse Ly49+CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress autoimmunity. Human KIR+CD8+ T cells are equivalent, killing pathogenic CD4+ T cells, and increase in autoimmune diseases and viral infections.

Keywords:
CD8(+) TregsT cellsautoimmunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Mouse Ly49+CD8+ T cells (Tregs) suppress autoimmunity by inhibiting autoreactive CD4+ T cells.
  • Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the human equivalent of mouse Ly49+CD8+ regulatory T cells.
  • To investigate the function of human KIR+CD8+ T cells in autoimmunity and infection.

Main Methods:

  • Immunophenotyping of human T cells.
  • Functional assays to assess T cell killing activity.
  • Analysis of T cell populations in patients with autoimmune diseases and viral infections.

Main Results:

  • Human killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)+CD8+ T cells were identified as the functional equivalent of mouse Ly49+CD8+ Tregs.
  • KIR+CD8+ T cells were shown to kill pathogenic CD4+ T cells.
  • Increased frequencies of KIR+CD8+ T cells were observed in certain human autoimmune diseases and viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • KIR+CD8+ T cells represent a critical regulatory T cell subset in humans.
  • These cells possess cytotoxic activity against pathogenic T cells, suggesting a role in controlling autoimmunity and viral infections.
  • The expansion of KIR+CD8+ T cells in disease states highlights their involvement in immune responses to autoimmunity and infections.