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Pulmonary valve infective endocarditis: A case series.

Satyavan Sharma1, Gunjan Arvindbhai Malavia1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|May 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Infective endocarditis of the native pulmonary valve (PVIE) is rare and deadly. Early diagnosis in febrile patients with cardiac defects or central lines is crucial for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Infective endocarditismycotic pulmonary artery aneurysmnative pulmonary valve endocarditispulmonary valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Native pulmonary valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is exceptionally rare, with limited data, especially in Indian literature.
  • This condition poses a significant diagnostic and management challenge due to its rarity and potential severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical, diagnostic, and microbiological characteristics of PVIE.
  • To identify underlying risk factors and outline management strategies for PVIE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 8 PVIE cases managed between 1992 and 2020.
  • Utilized trans-thoracic echocardiography and computed tomography of the chest for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • PVIE occurred in patients with congenital heart defects (6/8) and central venous catheters (2/8).
  • Common presentations included prolonged fever, right heart failure, septic pulmonary emboli, and pulmonary regurgitation.
  • High early mortality (62.5%) was observed, linked to delayed diagnosis, septicemia, and multi-organ failure.

Conclusions:

  • PVIE is a rare, potentially lethal condition requiring high clinical suspicion.
  • Consider PVIE in febrile patients with congenital defects, central lines, bacteremia, or comorbidities.
  • Multi-modality imaging is essential for prompt diagnosis and complication detection.