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Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

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Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
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Delayed presentation of partial anomalous systemic venous connection.

Bharath A Paraswanath1, Anand P Subramanian1, M K Usha1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|May 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare anomaly, the inferior vena cava (IVC) connected to the left atrium (LA), was found in an asymptomatic woman. Surgical correction was successful, resolving her symptoms.

Keywords:
Anomalous drainagecyanosisinferior vena cavasystemic vein abnormality

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Vascular Anomalies

Background:

  • Systemic venous anomalies are exceptionally rare congenital conditions.
  • Diagnosis often occurs incidentally or due to related complications.

Observation:

  • An asymptomatic 29-year-old woman presented with unexplained systemic desaturation during the peripartum period.
  • Initial suspicion was for cyanotic heart disease.

Findings:

  • Diagnostic imaging, including transesophageal echocardiogram with contrast, computed tomography, and angiography, confirmed a hemianomalous connection of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the left atrium (LA).
  • This rare anomaly represents a significant deviation from normal systemic venous return.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare venous anomalies in the differential diagnosis of unexplained desaturation.
  • Successful surgical correction of IVC to LA anomalous connection can lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Further research into the long-term implications and management strategies for such rare anomalies is warranted.