Selection Signature Analyses Revealed Genes Associated With Adaptation, Production, and Reproduction in Selected Goat...

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Animal Genetics
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Goat breeds in Kenya have adapted to diverse harsh environments, acquiring unique genetic adaptations.
• Understanding these adaptations is crucial for conserving and utilizing valuable goat genetic resources.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate genomic signals of selection in four Kenyan goat breeds: Alpine, Galla, Saanen, and Toggenburg.
• To identify genomic regions and genes associated with adaptation and economic traits.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 53,347 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 106 goats using the Illumina GoatSNP50 BeadChip.
• Application of complementary selection detection methods: integrated Haplotype Score (iHS), cross-population-extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), hapFLK, and FLK.
• Identification of 404 top genomic regions and 16 putative selection signatures.

Main Results:

• Identified 404 top genomic regions and 16 putative selection signature regions across the four breeds.
• Significant overlap of selection signals on chromosomes 3, 4, 10, 15, 22, and 26, enriched with genes for immune response, milk production, and adaptability.
• Limited overlap in selection signatures between breeds, suggesting diverse evolutionary paths.

Conclusions:

• Kenyan goat genomes are shaped by various selection pressures, including environmental adaptation and artificial selection.
• The study provides insights into the genetic basis of adaptation and production in Kenyan goats.
• Further research is needed to pinpoint specific genes related to adaptation and production in these breeds.