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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coagulation and Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with NAFLD: Current Status and Therapeutic Implications.

Doris Ogresta1, Anna Mrzljak2,3, Maja Cigrovski Berkovic4,5,6

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Summary

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to metabolic issues and cardiovascular problems. This review explores coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet disorders in NAFLD patients, highlighting its multisystemic nature.

Keywords:
CoagulationEndothelial dysfunctionInsulin resistanceNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseNon-alcoholic steatohepatitisPlatelet dysfunctionThrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition strongly associated with metabolic syndrome components like insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
  • NAFLD is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disease with significant links to cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension.
  • Hepatic impairment in NAFLD can lead to alterations in the coagulation system, with severity correlating to liver damage progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss potential disorders within the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis in patients with NAFLD.
  • To explore the role of endothelial dysfunction in the context of NAFLD-associated hemostatic changes.
  • To examine platelet abnormalities observed in individuals diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on NAFLD and its impact on hemostasis.
  • Analysis of research investigating coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis in NAFLD.
  • Examination of studies focusing on endothelial function and platelet behavior in NAFLD patients.

Main Results:

  • NAFLD is associated with complex alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a common finding in NAFLD, contributing to hemostatic imbalances.
  • Platelet abnormalities are frequently observed in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Conclusions:

  • NAFLD presents with significant hemostatic derangements, including coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders.
  • Endothelial dysfunction and platelet abnormalities are integral components of NAFLD's systemic impact.
  • Understanding these hemostatic changes is crucial for managing the multisystemic complications of NAFLD.