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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
Published on: January 7, 2019
Natural Orifice Transurethral Endoscopic Vesicovaginal Fistula (NOTE-VVF) Treatment for Early and Small Fistulas:
Abdullah Demirtaş1, Gökhan Sönmez1, Şevket T Tombul1
1Urology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TUR.
Abstract:
Minimally invasive surgical approaches have become highly popular in line with technological advancements. In vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair, numerous minimally invasive surgical techniques have been described, namely, laparoscopic, robotic, and transvaginal techniques, and used. However, these techniques still require invasiveness. In this report, we present a patient with iatrogenic VVF on whom we applied a novel "zero-incision" technique, Natural Orifice Transurethral Endoscopic Vesicovaginal Fistula (NOTE-VVF) treatment, to repair the fistula tract by advancing the laparoscopic trocar through a natural orifice, i.e., urethra.
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