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Daily patterns in parasite processes: diel variation in fish louse transcriptomes.

R Hunt1, J Cable1, A Ellison2

  • 1School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.

International Journal for Parasitology
|May 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fish lice exhibit daily rhythms in gene expression, with about half of their transcriptome showing significant daily changes. This discovery supports the potential of chronotherapy for improved parasite control and identifies new drug targets.

Keywords:
AquacultureCrustaceanFish liceParasiteRhythmTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Chronobiology
  • Aquaculture

Background:

  • Parasites, like other organisms, use molecular clocks to synchronize with environmental cues, generating biological rhythms.
  • Chronotherapy, or timed treatment, leverages these rhythms for enhanced control of chronic parasitic infections.
  • Fish lice pose a significant threat to aquaculture, and current control methods are inadequate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the daily rhythmicity of gene transcription in the fish louse Argulus foliaceus.
  • To assess the potential for chronotherapy in managing fish louse infestations.
  • To identify novel drug targets within the fish louse transcriptome.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Argulus foliaceus transcriptome to identify daily changes in gene expression.
  • Examination of diel (daily) transcription patterns of annotated genes.
  • Identification of rhythmically transcribed clock genes, feeding-associated genes, and immune response genes.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50% of the Argulus foliaceus annotated transcriptome displays significant daily rhythmicity.
  • Putative clock genes (e.g., core clock/cycle, period/timeless pairs) were found to be rhythmically transcribed.
  • Rhythms were observed in feeding-associated genes, immune response pathways, and potential drug targets.
  • Peak transcription occurred before light onset for many pathways, potentially related to host interaction or feeding.
  • Immune and chitin development genes peaked post-light onset, while inflammatory genes were highest during dark periods.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of diel gene transcription in a crustacean parasite.
  • The identified rhythms in gene expression support the feasibility of applying chronotherapy to fish lice.
  • Timed drug application could enhance treatment efficacy, reduce dosage, combat drug resistance, and improve fish health and aquaculture economics.