HRD1 in human malignant neoplasms: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategy for cancer
Negin Karamali1, Samaneh Ebrahimnezhad1, Reihaneh Khaleghi Moghadam1
1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract:
In tumor cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an essential role in maintaining cellular proteostasis by stimulating unfolded protein response (UPR) underlying stress conditions. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is a critical pathway of the UPR to protect cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis and the elimination of unfolded or misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase degradation (HRD1) as an E3 ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the ubiquitination and dislocation of misfolded protein in ERAD. In addition, HRD1 can target other normal folded proteins. In various types of cancer, the expression of HRD1 is dysregulated, and it targets different molecules to develop cancer hallmarks or suppress the progression of the disease. Recent investigations have defined the role of HRD1 in drug resistance in types of cancer. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of HRD1 and its roles in cancer pathogenesis and discusses the worthiness of targeting HRD1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer.
More Related Videos
09:37Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
Published on: August 25, 2021
05:45In Vitro Establishment of a Genetically Engineered Murine Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line using an Adeno-Associated Virus-Cas9 System
Published on: January 9, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Targeted Cancer Therapies
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
Abnormal Proliferation
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mTOR pathway or the...
The Ras Gene
Ras is a...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity
