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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

468
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
468
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

424
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
424
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

214
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
214
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

337
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
337
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

251
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
251
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

917
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
917

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Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections.

Faisal Jamal1, Mark M Hammer1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|May 9, 2022
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Summary

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing globally, causing diverse lung and systemic issues. Early diagnosis and monitoring through medical imaging are crucial for managing these growing public health concerns.

Keywords:
BronchiectasisMycobacterium avium complexNontuberculous mycobacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a growing cause of infection worldwide, distinct from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae.
  • NTM infections manifest in various pulmonary and systemic ways, with increasing prevalence, especially in Western countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance, common types, and diagnostic role of imaging in nontuberculous mycobacteria infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on NTM epidemiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic imaging modalities.
  • Analysis of common NTM infection types: classical cavitary and nonclassical bronchiectatic.

Main Results:

  • NTM infections present as classical cavitary disease (often with pre-existing lung conditions) or nonclassical bronchiectatic disease (common in elderly women without lung disease).
  • Disseminated NTM infections occur frequently in immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV, often via hematogenous spread.
  • Medical imaging is essential for diagnosing and monitoring NTM infections.

Conclusions:

  • NTM infections represent a significant and increasing public health challenge.
  • Understanding the distinct clinical presentations and the critical role of imaging is vital for effective patient management.