Iodine status during child development and hearing ability: a systematic review.
Mariana Dineva1, Amanda Hall2, Muqiu Tan1
1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, UK.
The British Journal of Nutrition
|May 10, 2022
Summary
Iodine is crucial for hearing development. While severe deficiency causes deafness, the impact of suboptimal iodine intake on children's hearing is unclear, with limited evidence suggesting a positive association between iodine status and better hearing.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and audiology
- Neuroscience and developmental biology
Background:
- Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, critical for auditory system development.
- Severe iodine deficiency leads to endemic cretinism with documented deafness.
- The effects of suboptimal iodine intake on childhood hearing are not well understood.
Approach:
- Systematic review of studies on iodine exposure (intake, status, supplementation) during development and hearing outcomes in children.
- Searched PubMed and Embase, identifying 330 studies, with 13 included in the final review.
- Assessed the quality of included studies, noting limitations due to a high risk of bias in most.
Key Points:
- Nine studies focused on children, four on pregnant women.
- One RCT in mildly deficient pregnant women showed no effect on offspring hearing.
- Iodine supplementation improved hearing in severely deficient children.
- Most cross-sectional studies indicated a positive association between iodine status and better hearing in children.
Conclusions:
- The current evidence base linking iodine status and hearing outcomes is limited.
- Further high-quality research is necessary to establish definitive conclusions.
- Suboptimal iodine intake may impact auditory development, but more robust data is needed.
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