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A Neuropsychological Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Dennis P Alfano1, Julia A Grummisch1, Jennifer L Gordon1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|May 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neuropsychological clinical ratings (CRs) effectively detect and classify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in seniors. A global deficit score closely approximated CRs, showing promise for MCI detection.

Keywords:
Elderly/geriatrics/agingMild cognitive impairmentQuality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical concern in aging populations.
  • Accurate detection and classification of MCI are essential for timely intervention.
  • Existing MCI criteria require validation using robust neuropsychological measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate neuropsychological clinical ratings (CRs) as a gold standard for MCI detection and classification in community-dwelling seniors.
  • To examine the relationship between CRs, life satisfaction, and functional independence.
  • To assess the concurrent validity of cognitive screening tools and agreement with existing MCI criteria.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred forty-two participants aged 75+ underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing.
  • Self-report measures assessed psychological, psychosocial functioning, and functional independence.
  • Clinical ratings (CRs) were derived from demographically corrected neuropsychological variables.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of MCI, identified by CRs, was 26.1%, with amnestic and executive function subtypes predominating.
  • Executive function significantly predicted life satisfaction.
  • The MoCA and MMSE showed limited ability to detect MCI based on CRs, while a global deficit score performed exceptionally well as a proxy for CRs.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropsychological CRs serve as a reliable gold standard for defining and identifying MCI in older adults.
  • A global deficit score is a highly effective proxy for CRs in MCI detection within this population.
  • Findings support the clinical utility of neuropsychological assessments in understanding cognitive aging and impairment.