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Published on: July 20, 2022
Reference Values for Pediatric Atrial Volumes Assessed by Steady-State Free-Precession Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Inga Voges1,2, Amke Caliebe3,4, Sophia Hinz1
1Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany.
Background:
Measurement of atrial volumes by MRI is becoming increasingly important in pediatric cardiac disorders. However, MRI normal values for atrial volumes in children are lacking.
Purpose:
To establish pediatric reference values for atrial volumes.
Study Type:
Retrospective.
Subjects:
A total of 155 healthy children from two large institutions (103 male, age 13.9 ± 2.8 years, range 4-18 years).
Field Strength/Sequence:
A 1.5 T; balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence.
Assessment:
The monoplane and biplane area-length methods were used to measure minimal and maximal left and right atrial volumes (LAmin , LAmax , RAmin , and RAmax ) from four-chamber (4ch) and two-chamber (2ch) MR cine images. Centile charts and tables for atrial volumes were created.
Statistical Tests:
Descriptive statistics, lambda-mu-sigma (LMS)-method of Cole and Green, univariable and multivariable linear regression models. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results:
In the multivariable linear model, body surface area was significantly associated with all atrial volumes and sex was significantly associated with RA volumes, LA volumes measured in the 2ch-view as well as biplane LAmax. Average atrial volumes measured: monoplane 4ch: LAmin 13.1 ± 4.8 mL/m2 , LAmax 33.4 ± 8.8 mL/m2 , RAmin 18.5 ± 6.8 mL/m2 , RAmax 33.2 ± 9.6 mL/m2 ; monoplane 2ch: LAmin 12.7 ± 4.9 mL/m2 , LAmax 30.5 ± 9.5 mL/m2 ; biplane: LAmin 12.3 ± 4.5 mL/m2 , LAmax 30.9 ± 8.7 mL/m2 .
Data Conclusion:
Pediatric MRI reference values for atrial volumes have been provided.
Technical Efficacy:
2 EVIDENCE LEVEL: 4.
