Telomerase and neurons: an unusual relationship

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Telomerase, comprising telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA, is primarily known for telomere maintenance.
• TERT exhibits numerous non-telomeric, non-canonical functions, including roles in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy.
• The role of telomerase in neuronal cells, especially non-dividing neurons, has gained recent attention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the established non-telomeric functions of TERT in neurons.
• To highlight the potential protective role of TERT against neurodegenerative diseases.
• To explore therapeutic applications of telomerase activators for neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating telomerase and TERT in neuronal cells.
• Analysis of research on TERT's non-canonical functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
• Synthesis of findings related to TERT's role in neuroprotection.

Main Results:

• TERT possesses diverse non-telomeric functions in neurons, impacting cellular processes beyond DNA replication.
• Emerging evidence indicates a beneficial and protective role for TERT in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
• These findings suggest TERT's involvement in maintaining neuronal health and resilience.

Conclusions:

• TERT's non-canonical functions are critical in neuronal cells, extending beyond its canonical role.
• TERT shows promise as a therapeutic target for preventing or treating neurodegenerative conditions.
• Further research into telomerase activators could lead to novel treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.