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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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Indirect recognition of pathogen effectors by NLRs
1Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Essays in Biochemistry
|May 10, 2022
Summary
Plants use Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins to detect pathogen threats. This review explores how NLRs indirectly recognize pathogen effectors, enhancing durable disease resistance in crops.
Area of Science:
- Plant immunity
- Molecular plant-pathogen interactions
- Crop resilience
Background:
- Plants employ plasma membrane and intracellular receptors to detect pathogens.
- Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular receptors recognizing pathogen effectors.
- NLRs activate plant defense responses upon effector detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review classic and recent examples of indirect effector recognition by plant NLRs.
- To discuss strategies for discovering and studying novel NLR-decoy/guardee systems.
- To explore the role of executor and helper NLRs in expanded indirect recognition and potential applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on NLR-mediated plant immunity.
- Analysis of NLR recognition mechanisms, including direct and indirect effector binding.
- Summarization of structural findings on NLR activation and resistosome formation.
Main Results:
- NLRs can recognize pathogen effectors directly or indirectly by sensing changes in host proteins (guardees) or decoys.
- Indirect recognition strategies offer more durable resistance against rapidly evolving pathogens.
- Executor and helper NLRs, in conjunction with sensor NLRs, expand effector recognition through an enhanced form of indirect recognition.
Conclusions:
- Indirect recognition by NLRs is a key strategy for durable plant disease resistance.
- Understanding NLR-decoy/guardee systems and NLR complexes is vital for developing resilient crops.
- Harnessing NLR indirect recognition holds significant potential for improving crop resilience and disease management.
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