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Related Experiment Video

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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

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Published on: February 22, 2014

Indirect recognition of pathogen effectors by NLRs.

Kevin Ao^1,2, Xin Li^1,2

¹Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Essays in Biochemistry

|May 10, 2022

Summary

Plants use Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins to detect pathogen threats. This review explores how NLRs indirectly recognize pathogen effectors, enhancing durable disease resistance in crops.

Keywords:

NLRs decoy guardee indirect recognition plant engineering plant immunity

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Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens

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Area of Science:

Plant immunity
Molecular plant-pathogen interactions
Crop resilience

Background:

Plants employ plasma membrane and intracellular receptors to detect pathogens.
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular receptors recognizing pathogen effectors.
NLRs activate plant defense responses upon effector detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review classic and recent examples of indirect effector recognition by plant NLRs.
To discuss strategies for discovering and studying novel NLR-decoy/guardee systems.
To explore the role of executor and helper NLRs in expanded indirect recognition and potential applications.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on NLR-mediated plant immunity.
Analysis of NLR recognition mechanisms, including direct and indirect effector binding.
Summarization of structural findings on NLR activation and resistosome formation.

Main Results:

NLRs can recognize pathogen effectors directly or indirectly by sensing changes in host proteins (guardees) or decoys.
Indirect recognition strategies offer more durable resistance against rapidly evolving pathogens.
Executor and helper NLRs, in conjunction with sensor NLRs, expand effector recognition through an enhanced form of indirect recognition.

Conclusions:

Indirect recognition by NLRs is a key strategy for durable plant disease resistance.
Understanding NLR-decoy/guardee systems and NLR complexes is vital for developing resilient crops.
Harnessing NLR indirect recognition holds significant potential for improving crop resilience and disease management.