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Validity of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, and High-Sensitivity Troponin I Levels in
Insights
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) and high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) effectively identify heart failure patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). This multimarker approach aids in diagnosis and management of heart failure (HF) patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health concern, with ischemic heart disease (IHD) being its primary cause.
- Accurate differentiation of HF etiology is crucial for effective patient management.
- Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), GDF15, and hsTnI are investigated for their diagnostic utility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare plasma BNP, serum GDF15, and serum hsTnI levels in HF patients with and without IHD.
- To determine the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers in distinguishing HF patients with IHD.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 120 HF patients was studied, divided into IHD (n=51) and non-IHD (n=69) groups.
- Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected.
- Plasma BNP and serum GDF15 were measured using ELISA; serum hsTnI was measured via chemiluminescent immunoassay.
Main Results:
- Serum GDF15 and hsTnI levels were significantly higher in the IHD group compared to the non-IHD group (p < 0.05).
- BNP levels did not show significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05).
- GDF15 and hsTnI demonstrated potential in discriminating HF with IHD, with specific cutoffs identified for sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusions:
- Serum GDF15 and hsTnI are valuable biomarkers for identifying HF patients with underlying IHD.
- A multimarker strategy incorporating GDF15 and hsTnI can enhance diagnostic accuracy.
- These findings support improved management strategies for HF patients by clarifying underlying etiology.
Background:
Heart failure (HF) is a major medical, and epidemiological problems with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cause of HF. We aimed to assess the plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), and high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) in HF patients with and without IHD.
Methods:
The study included 120 HF patients, categorized into 51 patients with IHD and 69 patients without apparent IHD. Clinical and echocardiographic assessments of the included patients were performed. ELISA assays of plasma BNP and serum GDF15 were done, while serum hsTnI was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay.
Results:
There were significantly higher median values of serum levels for GDF15 (pg/mL) and hsTnI (pg/mL) among IHD group (1,630.5 and 141.8, respectively) compared to non-IHD group (895 and 14.3, respectively, p ˂ 0.05 for both), with non-significant differences regarding to the BNP plasma levels (p ˃ 0.05). In the IHD group, significant positive correlations were observed between GDF15 with both BNP (r = 0.655, p = < 0.001) and hsTnI (r = 0.496, p = < 0.001). Serum GDF15 at a cutoff of ≤ 717 pg/mL has the highest specificity [85.51% vs. 50.72% for BNP (at cutoff > 264 pg/mL) and 59.42% for hsTnI]. Additionally, hsTnI at a cutoff of > 45.2 pg/mL has the highest sensitivity (70.59% vs. 68.63% for BNP and 33.33% for GDF15) in discriminating heart failure with IHD from heart failure without IHD.
Conclusions:
A multimarker approach, particularly GDF15 and hsTnI, is helpful in identifying HF patients with underlying IHD, thus enabling their proper management.
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