Relationship between the ABO Blood Groups and Acute Coronary Syndrome; Zanjan Mousavi Hospital 2017-2020
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This study found no statistically significant link between ABO blood type and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk factors or outcomes. However, blood group O may slightly increase cardiovascular disease risk, independent of other factors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization.
- Previous research suggests a link between ABO blood groups and coronary artery disease.
- This study examines the association between ABO blood groups and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and the incidence of ACS.
- To determine if ABO blood type influences cardiovascular disease risk factors or paraclinical parameters.
Main Methods:
- 360 patients diagnosed with ACS were enrolled.
- Data collected included demographics, anthropometrics, and cardiovascular risk factors.
- Blood groups were determined using standard agglutination; patients underwent echocardiography and coronary angiography.
Main Results:
- Blood groups O+ (31.9%) and A+ (29.2%) were most prevalent in ACS patients.
- Blood group AB- (<1%) was least prevalent.
- No statistically significant relationship was found between ACS frequency and ABO blood group type.
Conclusions:
- No meaningful relationship exists between ABO blood type and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
- ABO blood type showed no statistically significant association with paraclinical parameters.
- Blood group O phenotype may increase cardiovascular disease risk, independent of other factors.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases, as a common cause of hospitalization and death, appear to be connected with ABO blood groups. Following some studies in which the blood groups are found to be associated with the coronary artery disease, the present study investigates the relationship between ABO blood groups and the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Methods:
In this study, 360 patients with a diagnosis of ACS were enrolled in a randomized study. The checklist included demographic and anthropometric information as well as cardiovascular risk factors. The blood groups were determined by standard agglutination technique. These patients underwent cardiac echocardiography and coronary angiography (CAG). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 23.
Results:
It is found that the blood groups O+ and A+ with 31.9% and 29.2%, respectively, had the highest prevalence, and blood group AB- with a prevalence of less than 1% had the lowest prevalence in ACS patients. Even though in this study the frequency of ACS in blood group O was higher than other blood groups, there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of ACS and the type of ABO blood group.
Conclusions:
There is no meaningful relationship between ABO blood type and the prevalence of the risk factors underlying cardiovascular diseases. Also, there is no statistically significant relationship between ABO blood type and any of the paraclinical parameters. Moreover, it is found that without considering the Rh factor, the blood group O phenotype increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also appears to be independent of cardiovascular risk factors.