Improving young pig welfare on-farm: The Five Domains Model

Area of Science:

• Animal Welfare Science
• Swine Production Systems

Background:

• Consumer interest in animal welfare is increasing.
• The Five Domains Model provides a framework for assessing and improving animal welfare.
• Neonatal and nursery pigs present unique welfare challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and apply the Five Domains Model to neonatal and nursery pig welfare.
• To identify practical on-farm improvements for swine welfare.
• To highlight opportunities for inducing positive mental states in pigs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review applying the Five Domains Model to swine welfare.
• Analysis of management strategies within each of the five domains.
• Focus on the "neonatal and nursery pig perspective".

Main Results:

• Domain 1 (Nutrition): Strategies for managing large litters, colostrum, and creep feed can lead to contentment.
• Domain 2 (Environment): Optimizing space, resources, and thermal amenities promotes physical comfort.
• Domain 3 (Health): Addressing health factors improves pig vitality.
• Domain 4 (Behavior): Facilitating social interaction and exploration leads to positive emotional states.
• Domain 5 (Mental State): Integrating the domains can induce positive mental states.

Conclusions:

• The Five Domains Model effectively identifies opportunities for improving swine housing and management.
• Focusing on positive mental states enhances pig quality of life and welfare.
• The "neonatal and nursery pig perspective" is crucial for targeted welfare improvements.