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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Boosting anticancer immunotherapy through androgen receptor blockade.

Laura Pala1, Tommaso De Pas1, Fabio Conforti1

  • 1Division of Melanoma, Sarcomas, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Cancer Cell
|May 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors show limited success in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Blocking the androgen receptor pathway may enhance immune responses against tumors, improving treatment effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited efficacy in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
  • The tumor microenvironment in CRPC often exhibits immune suppression, hindering effective anti-tumor responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in modulating the anti-tumor immune response in CRPC.
  • To explore the potential of androgen-axis blockade in combination with ICIs for CRPC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed the interaction between the androgen receptor and CD8+ T cell activity.
  • Experimental models were used to assess the impact of androgen-axis blockade on immune responses in CRPC.

Main Results:

  • Androgen receptor signaling was found to negatively regulate the CD8+ T cell-driven anti-tumor immune response.
  • Androgen-axis blockade demonstrated potential in enhancing the anti-tumor immune activity.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the androgen receptor pathway represents a promising strategy to overcome immune evasion in CRPC.
  • Combining androgen-axis blockade with immune checkpoint inhibitors could improve therapeutic outcomes for patients with CRPC.