[Surveillance and response: The core intervention for malaria control during the post-elimination phase in China]

China was certified malaria-free by the WHO on June, 2021. Nevertheless, there are thousands of overseas imported malaria cases annually in China, and there are deaths of imported malaria cases reported every year in the country. In addition, there are secondary cases of imported malaria, and malaria vectors remain in regions where malaria were formerly endemic, resulting in a high risk of local transmission of imported malaria in eliminated regions in China. This article analyzes the risk of malaria control and the challenges of malaria surveillance and response during the post-elimination stage in China, and proposes some suggestions for future priorities.