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Magnetic field interactions between current consumer electronics and cardiac implantable electronic devices.

Kathryn Xu1, Jay Sengupta2, Susan Casey2

  • 1Heart Rhythm Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute and Foundation, 800 E 28th St, Minneapolis, MN, 55407, USA. kathrynxu07@gmail.com.

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Summary

New iPhones and other electronics with magnets can affect cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). However, interaction with CIEDs is unlikely beyond 1.5 cm, ensuring safety during daily activities.

Keywords:
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)Cardiac resynchronization therapyDefibrillatorEarpodsMagnet interferenceMagnetic fieldPacemakerSmart watchiPhone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electromagnetism
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Modern electronic devices like the iPhone 12, Apple Watch Series 6, and AirPods utilize magnets for wireless charging.
  • These permanent magnets pose a potential risk to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), potentially causing asynchronous pacing in pacemakers and suspending arrhythmia detection in defibrillators.
  • This research aims to evaluate the impact of static magnetic fields from consumer electronics on CIEDs and inform FDA recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if CIEDs are affected by static magnetic fields from common portable electronics (PE) at any distance.
  • To assess the interaction range between PE magnets and CIEDs.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for consumer safety regarding PE and CIEDs.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic field strength of PE was measured using a Gauss meter.
  • Ex vivo testing was performed using a body torso model with CIEDs from Boston Scientific and Medtronic immersed in saline.
  • PE was placed at the CIED surface and at distances of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm to assess magnet mode activation.

Main Results:

  • The iPhone 12 exhibited a significantly stronger static magnetic field at its surface compared to the iPhone XR.
  • All tested CIEDs exhibited magnet mode activation when PE was placed at the surface of the torso model.
  • The maximum distance at which interaction (magnet mode activation) occurred between the tested Apple products and CIEDs was 1.5 cm.

Conclusions:

  • The iPhone 12 generates a more potent static magnetic field than its predecessors.
  • Portable electronics containing magnets are unlikely to interact with CIEDs beyond a distance of 1.5 cm.
  • Given the limited interaction distance, magnet mode activation is improbable during typical daily activities, suggesting consumer safety.