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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

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Orphan receptors in prostate cancer

Minas Sakellakis1

  • 1Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Center, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.

The Prostate
|May 10, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Orphan receptors, with unknown ligands, significantly impact prostate cancer. These receptors, including G protein-coupled and nuclear types, can either inhibit or promote tumor growth, invasiveness, and progression.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Cellular receptors with unidentified endogenous ligands are termed "orphan receptors."
  • The rapid identification of new cellular receptors highlights their importance in biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review orphan and partially orphan receptors involved in prostate cancer.
  • To elucidate the roles of these receptors in prostate cancer development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of orphan receptors implicated in prostate cancer.
  • Categorization of orphan receptors into G protein-coupled and nuclear receptor families.

Main Results:

  • G protein-coupled orphan receptors: Olfactory receptors (OR51E1, OR51E2) and others (GPR158, GPR110, GPCR-X, GPR160) exhibit varied effects on prostate cancer proliferation, senescence, invasiveness, and apoptosis.
  • Nuclear orphan receptors: Include RORα, RORγ, PXR, TLX, ERRγ, ERRα, Dax1, and short heterodimeric partners, with diverse roles in tumor growth, androgen signaling, and cell cycle regulation.

Conclusions:

  • A diverse group of underappreciated orphan receptors significantly influences prostate cancer.
  • Understanding these receptors is crucial for developing novel prostate cancer therapies.
Keywords:
cancernuclearolfactoryorphanprostatereceptors

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