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Updated: Sep 23, 2025
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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
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Orphan receptors in prostate cancer
1Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Center, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
The Prostate
|May 10, 2022
Summary
Orphan receptors, with unknown ligands, significantly impact prostate cancer. These receptors, including G protein-coupled and nuclear types, can either inhibit or promote tumor growth, invasiveness, and progression.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Cellular receptors with unidentified endogenous ligands are termed "orphan receptors."
- The rapid identification of new cellular receptors highlights their importance in biological processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review orphan and partially orphan receptors involved in prostate cancer.
- To elucidate the roles of these receptors in prostate cancer development and progression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of orphan receptors implicated in prostate cancer.
- Categorization of orphan receptors into G protein-coupled and nuclear receptor families.
Main Results:
- G protein-coupled orphan receptors: Olfactory receptors (OR51E1, OR51E2) and others (GPR158, GPR110, GPCR-X, GPR160) exhibit varied effects on prostate cancer proliferation, senescence, invasiveness, and apoptosis.
- Nuclear orphan receptors: Include RORα, RORγ, PXR, TLX, ERRγ, ERRα, Dax1, and short heterodimeric partners, with diverse roles in tumor growth, androgen signaling, and cell cycle regulation.
Conclusions:
- A diverse group of underappreciated orphan receptors significantly influences prostate cancer.
- Understanding these receptors is crucial for developing novel prostate cancer therapies.
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