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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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Surface modification and pattern formation by nucleobases and their coordination complexes.

R Kamal Saravanan1, Ilesha Avasthi1, Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur, 208016 UP India sverma@iitk.ac.in.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how nucleobases organize on surfaces like graphite and gold, using microscopy. Understanding these self-assemblies could enable custom nanomaterials for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Nucleobases form ordered structures on various surfaces through non-covalent interactions.
  • These self-assemblies are crucial for developing novel functional nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in nucleobase organization on surfaces.
  • To discuss potential applications in surface patterning and functional molecule development.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
  • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Main Results:

  • Nucleobases self-assemble on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), mica, Cu(110), and Au(111) surfaces.
  • Metal-nucleobase coordination polymers form fascinating supramolecular architectures.
  • These architectures can be transferred to conductive substrates for microscopy analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nucleobase self-assembly and metal ion complexation is key for precise control.
  • This knowledge can lead to custom-designed assemblies for targeted nanotechnological applications.
  • Nucleobase-based functional molecules offer a wide array of possibilities for advanced materials.