Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 23, 2025
10:23
Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
Published on: November 5, 2015
14.3K
One-step nondestructive functionalization of graphene oxide paper with amines
Natalia Alzate-Carvajal1, Diego A Acevedo-Guzmán1, Victor Meza-Laguna2
1Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior C.U. Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico elbg1111@gmail.com.
RSC Advances
|May 11, 2022
Summary
A novel solvent-free method enables non-destructive amine functionalization of graphene oxide paper (GOP). This approach enhances GOP
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Polymer Chemistry
Background:
- Direct functionalization is crucial for tailoring graphene oxide paper (GOP) properties.
- Traditional liquid-phase methods risk material disintegration.
- A need exists for nondestructive functionalization techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a solvent-free strategy for GOP functionalization.
- To investigate the impact of various aliphatic and aromatic amines on GOP characteristics.
- To enable systematic tuning of GOP's mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties.
Main Methods:
- Solvent-free functionalization of graphene oxide paper (GOP) with aliphatic (ODA, DAD) and aromatic (AP, DAN) amines under vacuum heating (150-180 °C, 2 h).
- Characterization using FTIR, Raman, XPS, TGA, DTA, SEM, and AFM.
- Evaluation of water stability, wettability, electrical conductivity, and Young's modulus.
Main Results:
- Successful non-destructive functionalization of GOP via amidation and epoxy ring opening.
- Functionalization significantly improved mechanical and thermal stability and electrical conductivity.
- The extent of property enhancement varied with the amine structure, enabling tunable characteristics.
Conclusions:
- Solvent-free amine functionalization offers a viable route for modifying GOP properties.
- This method preserves GOP integrity while enhancing its performance.
- The choice of amine allows for precise control over GOP's final characteristics.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
2.7K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
2.7K
01:38Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
3.2K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
3.2K
01:29Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
4.1K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.1K
01:28Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
3.8K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.8K
01:23Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism
6.5K
Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
6.5K
01:22Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
4.2K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
4.2K