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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Fused pyrazole-phenanthridine based dyads: synthesis, photo-physical and theoretical studies, and live cell pH
Venkatesan Muthukumar1, Sathishkumar Munusamy2, Krishnan Thirumoorthy1
1Chemistry Department, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University Vellore-632014 Tamil Nadu India venket.chem88@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The arrangement of small sized molecules with a scaffold structure plays an active role in the fields of sensors and health care. An efficient molecular design strategy for four pyrazole-phenanthridine based D-π-A luminophores, denoted as 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d was developed to investigate the effect of acid on the photo-physical properties of these dyes. Photo-physical studies of the synthesized probes showed distinct absorption and emission under various pH conditions. Theoretical calculations using density functional methods were carried out for understanding the mechanistic aspects of the proton induced fluorescence. The experimentally observed photo-physical properties correlated well with theoretical results. Moreover, probes 2 and 2a can be used to monitor the fluorescence changes in E. coli cells under different pH conditions.
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