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Published on: May 15, 2017
Ozonation of ketoprofen with nitrate in aquatic environments: kinetics, pathways, and toxicity
Yongqin Zeng1, Xiaoxuan Lin1, Fuhua Li2
1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China liugg615@163.com.
Abstract:
In this study, nitrate ion (NO3 -) was found to collaborate with ozone thereby accelerating the degradation of ketoprofen. NO3 - was discovered to induce the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which was crucial to the decomposition of PPCPs in wastewater treatment plants. Kinetic studies on the decomposition of ketoprofen were investigated under different concentrations of NO3 -. The impact mechanisms and degradation by-products were experimentally determined. The results revealed that all reactions fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic model well. The presence of NO3 - had the capacity to accelerate the ozonation of ketoprofen. The reaction by-products were evaluated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and a total of five intermediates generated via the ozonation of ketoprofen were assessed. The transformation pathways were concluded to be hydroxylation, nitration, and debenzophenone and ketonized reactions. Additionally, the toxicity of the by-products was evaluated by employing Chlorella and Daphnia magna.
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