Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitriles to Ketones: Grignard Reaction00:57

Nitriles to Ketones: Grignard Reaction

4.8K
Organomagnesium halides, commonly known as Grignard reagents, convert nitriles to ketones and proceed through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. Nitriles react with a Grignard reagent, followed by an aqueous acid, to yield ketones. The reaction introduces a new carbon–carbon bond. The alkyl–magnesium bond in the Grignard reagent is highly polar, so the alkyl carbon develops a carbanionic character and acts as a nucleophile.
The mechanism begins with a nucleophilic attack by the Grignard...
4.8K
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

22.6K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
22.6K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction01:15

Acid Halides to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction

2.4K
Organomagnesium halides, commonly known as Grignard reagents, convert acid halides to tertiary alcohols. The reaction requires two equivalents of the Grignard reagent and proceeds via a ketone intermediate.
Grignard reagents are a source of carbanions and function as nucleophiles. The mechanism begins with the nucleophilic attack by the carbanion at the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs,...
2.4K
Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation01:27

Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation

3.2K
The Knoevenagel condensation is an aldol-type reaction involving the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with active methylene compounds such as β-diesters to produce substituted olefins.
3.2K
Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction01:08

Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction

4.5K
The reaction of an ester with a Grignard reagent, followed by hydrolysis of the magnesium alkoxide salt in aqueous acid, yields a tertiary alcohol. In the case of formate esters, secondary alcohols are formed.
The reaction requires two equivalents of the Grignard reagent and introduces two identical alkyl groups, derived from the Grignard reagent, bonded to the hydroxyl-bearing carbon of the alcohol.
The reaction follows the typical nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism. The Grignard...
4.5K
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

3.2K
Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ligand-Tuned CISS-Effect of Atomically Precise Metal Oxido Nanoclusters.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Atomically Precise Bismuth Oxido Nanoclusters as Hosts for Ln<sup>3+</sup>: Effects of Doping on Optical and Magnetic Properties of a Soluble Metal Oxide.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Advances in laser-based lithography and processing of semiconductors and insulators.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same author

Antibody-Directed Cancer Therapy Using Cubic-Shaped Magnetic Nanoparticles for Combined Hyperthermia and Drug Release.

ChemMedChem·2026
Same author

A computational analysis of substituent effects in pnictogen-, chalcogen-, and halogen-bond donors.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025
Same author

Computational Determination of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Values for Weak C-H Acids/Lithiated Species.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films
13:05

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Published on: May 11, 2019

7.7K

Magnesium β-ketoiminates as CVD precursors for MgO formation.

Elaheh Pousaneh1, Tobias Rüffer1, Khaybar Assim1

  • 1Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry D-09107 Chemnitz Germany heinrich.lang@chemie.tu-chemnitz.de +49-(0)371-531-21219 +49(0)371-531-21210.

RSC Advances
|May 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New bis(ketoiminato)magnesium(ii) complexes were synthesized and characterized. These complexes show promising volatility for use as precursors in Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for thin magnesium oxide (MgO) films.

More Related Videos

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.6K
Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO
08:14

Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Published on: July 31, 2016

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films
13:05

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Published on: May 11, 2019

7.7K
Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.6K
Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO
08:14

Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Published on: July 31, 2016

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Vapor Deposition

Background:

  • Bis(ketoiminato)magnesium(ii) complexes offer potential as precursors for materials deposition.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships of these complexes is crucial for optimizing deposition processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel bis(ketoiminato)magnesium(ii) complexes.
  • To investigate their thermal stability and volatility.
  • To evaluate their efficacy as precursors for depositing thin magnesium oxide (MgO) films via Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of complexes using magnesium tert-butoxide and ketoiminato ligands.
  • Characterization by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry (TG-MS).
  • Evaluation as MOCVD precursors for MgO thin film deposition on silicon substrates, with characterization by SEM, EDX, XPS, and ellipsometry.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and structural determination of bis(ketoiminato)magnesium(ii) complexes [Mg(OCR2CH2CHR1NCH2CH2X)2].
  • Complexes 3a and 3c exhibit higher volatility (5.6 mbar and 2.0 mbar, respectively) compared to 3b (0.07 mbar) at 80 °C.
  • MOCVD using complexes 3a and 3c yielded thin, dense MgO films (28-147 nm thickness) with low carbon content (3-4 mol%).

Conclusions:

  • Bis(ketoiminato)magnesium(ii) complexes 3a and 3c are suitable MOCVD precursors for depositing high-quality MgO thin films.
  • The volatility of the complexes directly influences the quality and deposition rate of the MgO films.
  • Further research can explore tuning ligand structures to optimize precursor properties for advanced thin film applications.