Disodium citrate-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of V₂O₅ nanowires for high performance supercapacitors

Orthorhombic vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanowires with uniform morphology were successfully fabricated via a facile hydrothermal process. The effect of disodium citrate dosage on the crystallinity, morphology and electrochemical properties of the products was analyzed. Experimental results indicate that orthorhombic V₂O₅ nanowires with high crystallinity and diameter of about 20 nm can be obtained at 180 °C for 24 h when the dosage of disodium citrate is 0.236 g. Furthermore, the prepared V₂O₅ nanowires demonstrate a high specific capacitance of 528.2 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1 and capacitance retention of 85% after 1000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at 1 A g^-1 when used as supercapacitors electrode in 0.5 M K₂SO₄.