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Sharpless Epoxidation02:57

Sharpless Epoxidation

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The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Preparation of Epoxides03:00

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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of...
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Hollow core-shell structured TS-1@S-1 as an efficient catalyst for alkene epoxidation.

J Wang1, Z Chen1, Y Yu1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University North Zhongshan Rd 3663 Shanghai 200062 P. R. China ymliu@chem.ecnu.edu.cn +86-21-6223-2058 +86-21-6223-2058.

RSC Advances
|May 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel hollow core-shell TS-1@S-1 zeolites for enhanced alkene epoxidation. This new structure creates superior active sites, boosting catalytic performance for industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Zeolite Chemistry

Background:

  • Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is a key catalyst for alkene epoxidation.
  • Improving TS-1's catalytic activity and stability remains a significant challenge.
  • Hollow nanostructures offer unique advantages in catalysis due to high surface area and diffusion properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel hollow core-shell TS-1@S-1 zeolite (HCS-TS) for the first time.
  • To investigate the origin of enhanced catalytic activity in the HCS-TS material.
  • To elucidate the formation mechanism of the superior active sites within the HCS-TS structure.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hollow core-shell TS-1@S-1 zeolites.
  • Characterization using TEM, UV-vis, UV-Raman, pyridine-IR, and solid-state MAS NMR, XPS.
  • Catalytic testing for alkene epoxidation.

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of hollow core-shell structured TS-1@S-1 zeolite (HCS-TS).
  • HCS-TS exhibited excellent activity in alkene epoxidation.
  • Superior active sites, including defective Ti(OSi)3(OH) and six-coordinated titanium species, were identified as key to improved performance.
  • A synergistic effect between TPAOH and TEOS in the synthesis process was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The hollow core-shell TS-1@S-1 zeolite structure significantly enhances catalytic performance in alkene epoxidation.
  • Defective Ti(OSi)3(OH) and six-coordinated titanium species are crucial for the improved activity.
  • The developed synthesis strategy is effective for enhancing TS-1 performance and is scalable for industrial production.