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Dual Task Performance Is Associated with Amyloidosis in Cognitively Healthy Adults.

J K Longhurst1, J L Cummings, S E John

  • 1Jason K. Longhurst, PT, DPT, PHD, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA, 63104, jason.longhurst@health.slu.edu, tel: 314-977-8533, fax: 314-977-8513.

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Cognitive-motor dual task performance shows promise in identifying preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) by predicting cerebral amyloidosis. Combining dual task measures with cognitive tests enhances diagnostic accuracy for early AD detection.

Keywords:
Dual-task interferenceamyloidmotor impairmentspreclinical Alzheimer’s diseasescreening

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical window for interventions, but early identification remains challenging.
  • Cognitive-motor dual task paradigms are emerging as potential tools for assessing preclinical AD.
  • Identifying individuals with preclinical AD is difficult and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between dual task performance and cerebral amyloidosis in cognitively healthy adults.
  • To determine if dual task performance offers additional predictive value beyond cognitive composite scores for identifying amyloidosis.
  • To assess the utility of dual task performance in the early detection of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 52 cognitively healthy adults.
  • Data collection included demographics, amyloid PET imaging (florbetapir-PET), neuropsychological tests, APOE genotype, and dual task performance.
  • Hierarchical multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used, controlling for covariates; ROC curves assessed diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • A moderate relationship was observed between dual task effects and amyloid standardized uptake value ratio (ASUVR).
  • A strong relationship (r=.58) was found between the combined dual task effect (automaticity measure) and ASUVR (p<.001).
  • The combined dual task effect uniquely accounted for 7.8% of ASUVR variance beyond cognitive composite scores (p=.018), improving diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • The combined dual task effect, reflecting automaticity, is a moderate predictor of cerebral amyloidosis, suggesting its utility in screening for preclinical AD.
  • Integrating the combined dual task effect into cognitive composite scores significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy for elevated amyloid levels.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore the clinical application of dual task paradigms in preclinical AD detection.