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Pertussis incidence in children under 1 year old and relation with maternal vaccination in Brazil, 2008-2018

Lia Zumblick Machado1, Chaiana Esmeraldino Mendes Marcon1

  • 1Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brasil.

Epidemiologia E Servicos De Saude : Revista Do Sistema Unico De Saude Do Brasil
|May 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Maternal vaccination with the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine significantly reduced pertussis incidence in infants under one year old in Brazil. The greatest impact was observed in newborns and infants up to two months old.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pertussis (whooping cough) poses a significant risk to infants.
  • Maternal vaccination is a strategy to protect newborns from pertussis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of maternal diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination coverage on pertussis incidence in Brazilian infants under one year old.
  • To analyze trends from 2008 to 2018.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive ecological temporal trend study was conducted.
  • Data were sourced from the Brazilian National Health System Information Technology Department (DATASUS).
  • Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated.

Main Results:

  • A total of 20,650 pertussis cases were recorded during the study period.
  • Pertussis incidence decreased by 26.6% in infants aged 3 months to under 1 year (IRR = 0.73; 95%CI 0.66;0.82).
  • A substantial 63.6% reduction in incidence was observed in infants from birth to 2 months old (IRR = 0.36; 95%CI 0.15;0.58).

Conclusions:

  • Increased maternal Tdap vaccination coverage was associated with a decline in infant pertussis incidence.
  • The protective effect was most pronounced in the youngest infants (birth to 2 months).
Abstract

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