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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Factors associated with premature birth: a case-control study.

Érica Cesário Defilipo1, Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas2, Carolyne de Miranda Drumond2

  • 1Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.

Revista Paulista De Pediatria : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade De Pediatria De Sao Paulo
|May 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Higher family income, previous preterm births, and violence against pregnant women increase preterm birth risk. More prenatal visits reduce this risk, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Preterm birth remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide.
  • Identifying associated risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
  • Socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, reproductive, behavioral, and healthcare factors may influence preterm birth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze diverse factors associated with preterm birth.
  • To identify key risk and protective factors for prematurity.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study design was employed, comparing preterm infants (cases) with full-term infants (controls).
  • Cases were matched with two controls based on sex and date of birth.
  • Data were collected through maternal interviews and medical record analysis.
  • Logistic regression analysis was utilized, with hierarchical entry of variable blocks.

Main Results:

  • Higher family income (OR 2.08), first-child births (OR 1.96), previous preterm births (OR 3.98), experiencing violence during pregnancy (OR 2.50), and cesarean delivery (OR 2.35) were significantly associated with increased preterm birth risk.
  • Mothers with more than six prenatal consultations showed a reduced risk of preterm birth (OR 0.39).

Conclusions:

  • Key risk factors for preterm birth include higher income, prior preterm delivery, primiparity, maternal violence, and cesarean birth.
  • Increased prenatal care (over six visits) is a protective factor against preterm birth.
  • Violence against pregnant women emerged as a significant and consistent risk factor, warranting attention from healthcare providers and public health officials.