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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

63
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
63
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

49
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
49
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

62
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
62
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

71
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
71
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

54
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
54
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

54
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
54

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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Paravalvular Leak: A Systemic Review.

Morgan Randall1, Omkar Betageri2, Seri Hanayneh2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Current Cardiology Reviews
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paravalvular leak (PVL), a rare complication of prosthetic valve replacement, can have severe consequences. Early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach using advanced imaging are key to successful patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Paravalvular leakinterventional cardiologysurgical aortic valve replacementsurgical mitral valve replacementtranscatheter aortic valve replacementtranscatheter mitral valve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Paravalvular leak (PVL) is retrograde blood flow between an implanted cardiac valve and native tissue.
  • PVL is an uncommon but significant complication of prosthetic valve replacement, particularly when moderate or severe.
  • Moderate to severe PVL can lead to serious clinical consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex nature of paravalvular leaks.
  • To highlight contemporary diagnostic and treatment options for PVL.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing PVL.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted.
  • The findings were synthesized to form a narrative review.
  • This review focuses on current understanding and management strategies for PVL.

Main Results:

  • Paravalvular leak presents a complex clinical challenge.
  • Contemporary treatments for PVL are evolving and show promise.
  • Multimodality imaging plays a crucial role in characterizing PVL.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must be proficient in identifying and characterizing PVL.
  • Effective management relies on utilizing available diagnostic tools and a multidisciplinary team.
  • A coordinated approach is essential for achieving favorable outcomes in patients with PVL.