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Discovering a new MgH2 metastable phase.

Mohamed Sherif El-Eskandarany1, Mohammad Banyan1, Fahad Al-Ajmi1

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Hydrogen Storage

Background:

  • Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a promising material for hydrogen storage.
  • Existing MgH2 phases (beta and gamma) have limitations in storage capacity and kinetics.
  • Mechanical deformation is explored to create novel MgH2 phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of new MgH2 phases through severe plastic deformation.
  • To characterize the properties of any newly formed phases, focusing on hydrogen storage.
  • To explore phase transformations in MgH2 under mechanical stress.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical alloying of MgH2 powders.
  • Cold rolling to induce severe plastic deformation and micro-lathe formation.
  • High-energy ball milling for extended periods (50 and 200 hours) to induce defects and phase transformations.
  • X-ray diffraction to analyze crystal structure and phase identification.
  • Hydrogen storage capacity and desorption kinetics measurements.

Main Results:

  • Cold rolling produced micro-lathes of gamma- and beta-MgH2 phases.
  • Long-term ball milling (50 hours) destabilized existing phases, forming a new face-centered cubic (fcc-MgH2) phase.
  • The fcc-MgH2 phase has a lattice parameter of 0.4436 nm.
  • This novel phase demonstrated a high hydrogen storage capacity (6.6 wt%) and rapid desorption kinetics (7 min at 275 °C).
  • Cyclic phase transformations between beta, gamma, and fcc-MgH2 were observed with extended ball milling (200 hours).

Conclusions:

  • A new metastable fcc-MgH2 phase was successfully synthesized via mechanical deformation and ball milling.
  • The fcc-MgH2 phase offers significant improvements in hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics.
  • This work demonstrates the potential of mechanical processing for designing advanced hydrogen storage materials.