Characterization of the Skin Bacteriome and Histology Changes in Diabetic Pigs

Chronic wound is one of the most common complications that are associated with diabetes. The cutaneous microbiome is known to play essential roles in the regulation of barrier function and protecting against potential assault. Thus, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the relationship between microbial community and skin structures in unwounded diabetic skin to explore possible preventive strategies. To achieve the same, a pig diabetic model was built in the present study. Further,16S rDNA sequencing was used to characterize the skin bacteriome. It was observed that the pigs showed skin bacteriome similar to humans in the non-diabetes group, while it varied in the case of diabetes. Further, the β-diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community was significantly different under the diabetes group. More species differences were identified between the two groups at genus level. The predictive function analysis also showed the involvement of significantly different pathways of microbial gene function in diabetes. In agreement with this, skin histology analysis also showed signs of reduced epidermal thickness and rete ridges in diabetic skin. Less proliferation of keratinocytes and impaired TJ barrier was also detected. This evidence suggested that pigs might serve as the best surrogate for cutaneous microbiome studies. Altogether, the present study reported that the skin bacteriome and histology changed significantly in unwounded diabetic skin, which provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of disordered skin bacteriome. The findings of the study would assist in the improvement of the skin environment and prevention of skin infection and chronic wounds.