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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

676
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
676
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

819
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Bicontinuous Ion-Exchange Materials through Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation.

David J Goldfeld1, Eric S Silver1, José M Valdez1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created charged polymer networks using polymerization-induced microphase separation. Post-polymerization modification successfully introduced charges without altering the nanostructure, enabling continuous charged domains for ion-exchange applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymerization-induced microphase separation is a method for creating nanostructured polymer materials.
  • Solid cross-linked monoliths with bicontinuous and nanostructured domains can be prepared using this technique.
  • Functionalizing neutral polymers to charged states is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a nanostructured polymer monolith with either negatively or positively charged polyelectrolyte domains.
  • To investigate the effect of post-polymerization modification on the microphase-separated morphology.
  • To confirm the continuity of charged domains and quantify accessible charges.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of neutral polymer monoliths with masked charged groups via polymerization-induced microphase separation.
  • Post-polymerization functionalization to a charged state using trimethylamine.
  • Characterization using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to assess morphological changes.
  • Confirmation of charged domain continuity through dye exchange with counterions.
  • Ion-exchange capacity measurements to quantify accessible charges.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared charged polyelectrolyte domains within a neutral styrene/divinylbenzene matrix.
  • Post-polymerization modification with trimethylamine did not significantly alter the microphase-separated nanostructure, as shown by SAXS.
  • Dye exchange experiments confirmed the continuity of the charged domains.
  • Ion-exchange capacity measurements provided estimates of accessible charges within the material.

Conclusions:

  • Post-polymerization modification is a viable strategy for introducing charges into pre-formed nanostructured polymer monoliths without disrupting their morphology.
  • The resulting charged domains are continuous and accessible, making these materials suitable for ion-exchange applications.
  • The study demonstrates a method for creating tunable charged nanostructured materials for advanced applications.