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Related Concept Videos

MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

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A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
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Energy Stored in a Capacitor01:12

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

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When an archer pulls the string in a bow, he saves the work done in the form of elastic potential energy. When he releases the string, the potential energy is released as kinetic energy of the arrow. A capacitor works on the same principle in which the work done is saved as electric potential energy. The potential energy (UC) could be calculated by measuring the work done (W) to charge the capacitor.
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Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

Energy Stored in Capacitors

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A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
By integrating the equation that relates voltage and current in a capacitor, one can derive an equation for the voltage across the capacitor at any given time. This equation is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of capacitors in...
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Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Capacitors01:15

Capacitors

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Capacitors play a crucial role in car radios, where they filter and store frequencies to ensure clear signal reception. Essentially serving as energy storage devices, capacitors store energy within their electric field and are composed of two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric.
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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Synthesizing a Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Supercapacitors, Assembling a Supercapacitor Using a Coin Cell, and Measuring Gel Electrolyte Performance
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Phase-Transitional Ionogel-Based Supercapacitors for a Selective Operation.

Jinwoo Park1, Jeong-Yun Sun1,2

  • 1Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel phase-transitional ionogel for supercapacitors (SCs). This material enables tunable energy storage by switching between operating and storage modes, significantly reducing self-discharge and enhancing long-term energy retention.

Keywords:
high density energy storageionogel electrolytephase transitionsupercapacitorsuppressed self-discharge

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Increasing demand for energy storage devices highlights the critical role of electrolytes in supercapacitors (SCs).
  • Ion diffusion in conventional electrolytes leads to long-term energy storage challenges due to the constant activity of ions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel phase-transitional ionogel for supercapacitor applications.
  • To investigate the temperature-dependent properties of the ionogel and its impact on supercapacitor performance.
  • To demonstrate a method for switching supercapacitors between operating and storage modes to improve energy retention.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a phase-transitional ionogel using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([EMIM][NO3]).
  • Fabrication of a supercapacitor device utilizing the synthesized ionogel.
  • Characterization of the ionogel's phase transition behavior and its effect on electrical resistivity and capacitance at varying temperatures (25-45 °C).
  • Evaluation of supercapacitor performance, including energy density, power density, cycle life, and self-discharge characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The [EMIM][NO3] ionogel exhibited a reversible phase transition from crystal to amorphous around 44 °C.
  • Electrical resistivity decreased significantly from 2318.4 kΩ·cm to 43.2 Ω·cm as temperature increased from 25 to 45 °C.
  • Capacitance increased from 0.02 to 37.35 F g−1 with temperature elevation, demonstrating repeatable performance.
  • The supercapacitor achieved an energy density of 7.77 Wh kg−1 at 4000 W kg−1 power density at 45 °C.
  • Stable capacitance retention of 87.5% after 3000 cycles was observed.
  • In 'storage mode' (lower temperature), self-discharge was suppressed, retaining 89.51% of charges after 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Phase-transitional ionogels offer a promising strategy for developing advanced supercapacitors with tunable operating and storage capabilities.
  • The temperature-induced phase transition effectively controls ion mobility, enabling efficient energy storage and significantly reduced self-discharge.
  • This technology presents a viable solution for long-term energy storage in supercapacitors, addressing a key limitation of current devices.