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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Published on: February 29, 2020
Centering the relationship between structural racism and individual bias
Agustín Fuentes1, Laurence Ralph1, Dorothy E Roberts2
1Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. afuentes2@princeton.edu (primary contact), lralph@princeton.edu, https://anthropology.princeton.edu/people/faculty/agustin-fuentes, https://laurenceralphauthor.com.
This study critiques Cesario's misrepresentation of data on racism and sexism, arguing for the integration of structural racism and individual bias in research.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Sociology
- Critical Race Theory
Background:
- Implicit bias research faces challenges regarding real-world applicability.
- Systemic racism and sexism are well-documented phenomena across social sciences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critique the misrepresentation of data concerning systemic racism and sexism.
- To advocate for a research framework that integrates structural racism and individual bias.
Main Methods:
- Critical analysis of existing literature and data.
- Theoretical argumentation for a revised conceptualization of bias.
Main Results:
- Cesario's arguments against implicit bias experimentation are based on a misinterpretation or omission of relevant data.
- Existing social science research substantiates the pervasive nature of structural racism and sexism.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of bias requires acknowledging the interplay between structural inequalities and individual psychological processes.
- Centering the relationship between structural racism and individual bias is crucial for advancing social justice research.
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